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动词不定式 、动词不定式作后置定语句型

   日期:2023-04-11     浏览:51    评论:0    
核心提示:英语不定式是什么不定式的定义不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,有不定式符号to家动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。我们说不定式是一种非限定动词是因为它

英语不定式是什么

不定式的定义

不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,有不定式符号to家动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。我们说不定式是一种非限定动词是因为它不受到主语的人称和数的限制。虽说不定式有“一般态”“进行态”“完成态”的变化,不过它不受“现在、过去、将来”的时间限制。

我们说不定式具有动词的特征是因为:它可以有自己的宾语,可以受副词的修饰等。

我们说不定式具有名词的特征是因为:它可以作主语和宾语。

我们说不定式具有形容词的特征是因为:它可以作定语。

我们说不定式具有副词的特征是因为:它可以作状语。

不定式的分类

不定式可以分为两种

"带to的不定式"和"不带to的不定式"。

不定式的句法功能

不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语:

1. 不定式作主语

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

学外语不容易。

Is it necessary to complete the design before National D***?

有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗?

2. 不定式作宾语

I forgot to turn the oven on.

我忘记打开炉子。

3. 不定式作宾补

Will you help me plant this tree, please?

请您帮我种这棵树好吗?

4. 不定式作定语

He has a lot of questions to ask.

他有许多问题要问。

5. 不定式作表语

Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist.

迪斯尼***的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。

6. 不定式作状语

She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big

rock by the side of the path.

她搜查了山顶上,然后在路边的一块大石头上停下来休息。

不定式作主语(1)

不定式作主语有以下三种句型:

句型(1) 不定式短语 + 谓语动词

句型(2) It's + 形容词 + for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语

句型(3) It's + 名词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语

在这一条目中,只讲述句型(1),例外两

什么是动词不定式

在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。它之所以被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。

不定式属于非谓语动词。然而在一些语言里(例如葡萄牙语),存在着受时态、人称和数量影响的不定式形态。

用法:

动词不定式作宾语

不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语,也可以充当but和except等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语.

1. 作动词的宾语

①不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语

Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。

He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他宁愿饿死也不原乞讨。

I rather thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。

②在feel, find, make, think, consider, 等动词后,如果宾语带有宾语补足语时,人们通常用it作形式宾语,而把真实的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。

I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。

She made it a rule to get up at 5:00. 她养成了五点起床的习惯。

I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。

③在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, except, intend, mean, want, 等)的过去式后,可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。

I intended to have called on you ,but was prevented from dong so. 我原想来拜访你的,但没来成。

I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。(但没做到)

We meant to have st***ed there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的 。

I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so.  我原想写一封信给她,但忘记了。

2. 作介词的宾语

不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。

The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. 老师除了叫他努力学习外,未做任何评价。

He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择,只好像往常一样坐在那儿。

There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。

3. 作形容词的宾语

不定式作形容词的宾语有两种类型,一是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,二是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。

①句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语

这一类的形容词有:afraid, angry, anxious, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, n***ghty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。

I am sorry to s*** that he is going from bad to worse. 很遗憾他的情况每况愈下。

She was not content to live a quiet life in a ***all town. 他不满足在一个小镇里过默默无闻的生活。

②句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语

这类的形容词有:easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful,等.

This problem is easy to solve. 这个问题很容易解决。

The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适合饮用。

She is hard to get along with. 她不太好相处。

动词不定式6种用法总结

动词不定式6种用法总结如下:

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,形式是“to+动词原形”,可用作:主宾表定状补,唯独不可以作谓语。

一.作主语

It's+adj.+(for ***.)+to do sth.做某事对某人来说是...(形容物)。

eg.It's difficult for me to sing the song.

It's+adj.+(of ***.)+to do sth.做某事某人是...(形容人)。

eg.It's nice of you to invite me to your party.

It takes ***.+ 时间+to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。

eg.It takes me half an hour to finish my homework.

二.作宾语

v.+to do。

2.形式宾语 find/think/believe it+adj.+(for ***.)+to do sth.

eg.I found it easy for me to learn English.

3.特殊疑问词+to do。

eg.I don't know where to go.

4.to do/doing。

三.作表语

放在be动词之后作表语,与主语可以互换。

eg.My dream is to be a teacher.

四.作定语

放在名词或代词之后。

eg.I have some work to do.

Would you like something to eat?

五.作状语

1.作目的状语。

eg. I get up early to catch the bus.

2.作原因状语 be+adj.+to do。

eg.I'm glad to meet you.

六.作补语

v.+***.+to do sth.

动词不定式有哪些呢?

动词不定式有一般式,完成式,进行式,完成进行式。

动词不定式的形式

1) 一般式:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。一般为:动词+ to do something。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.

2) 完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have c***ght a cold.

3)进行式:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4)完成进行式:

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来。

动词不定式

动词不定式

1)动词不定式的基本形式是“be+动词原形”,有时可以不带to,其否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。动词不定式形式虽然不能作谓语,但是仍然保留着动词的特征,它可以带所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语。

2)动词不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的特征,因此它在句中可作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语和状语。

A. 作主语 如:To learn English well isn’t an easy job.

To have a talk with her is a great pleasure.

It is important to have good habits.

It takes me half an hour to go to school by bike.

B. 作表语  如:Our plan is to get to the top of the mountain in an hour.

His job is to treat the patients with eye problems.

The girl’s ambition is to be a great dancer.

Our purpose is to achieve a balance between work and pl***.

C. 作宾语

有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语,如:agree(同意), begin(开始), ask(要求), choose(选择), continue(继续), decide(决定), forget(忘记), remember(记得), learn(学习), plan(计划), wish(希望), volunteer(志愿), prepare(准备)等等。如:

They decided to change their diet.            He wants to be a computer programmer.

The baby started to talk at the age of eleven months.

D. 宾语补足语

动词不定式可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语,常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise(建议), ask(请求), encourage(鼓励), invite(邀请), persuade(劝说), remind(提醒), teach(教), tell(告诉), want(想要), warn(警告), wish(希望)等等。如:

My teacher advised me to carry on with my ho***ies.

I told the children not to frighten the dog.  /  They asked me to go shopping with them

E. 定语

动词不定式可以用作修饰名词或代词的定语,用作定语的不定式须跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。下列名词之后多直接跟动词不定式作定语:ability, agreement, chance, decision, hope, need, offer, plan, request, wish等等。如:

His plan to get success in the game made his parents very happy.

I need a pen to write with.  /  There are a lot of good novels to read.

F. 状语

动词不定式可以用作修饰动词或形容词的状语,一般放在其所修饰的动词或形容词之后。如:He went to Italy to learn clothes designing.

To get to the office on time, he took a taxi there.

He went back home to find his dog missing.

He is creative enough to be a director.

He is too weak to pl*** football well.动词不定式

2008-11-24 14:01

1)动词不定式的基本形式是“be+动词原形”,有时可以不带to,其否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。动词不定式形式虽然不能作谓语,但是仍然保留着动词的特征,它可以带所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语。

2)动词不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的特征,因此它在句中可作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语和状语。

A. 作主语 如:To learn English well isn’t an easy job.

To have a talk with her is a great pleasure.

It is important to have good habits.

It takes me half an hour to go to school by bike.

B. 作表语  如:Our plan is to get to the top of the mountain in an hour.

His job is to treat the patients with eye problems.

The girl’s ambition is to be a great dancer.

Our purpose is to achieve a balance between work and pl***.

C. 作宾语

有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语,如:agree(同意), begin(开始), ask(要求), choose(选择), continue(继续), decide(决定), forget(忘记), remember(记得), learn(学习), plan(计划), wish(希望), volunteer(志愿), prepare(准备)等等。如:

They decided to change their diet.            He wants to be a computer programmer.

The baby started to talk at the age of eleven months.

D. 宾语补足语

动词不定式可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语,常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise(建议), ask(请求), encourage(鼓励), invite(邀请), persuade(劝说), remind(提醒), teach(教), tell(告诉), want(想要), warn(警告), wish(希望)等等。如:

My teacher advised me to carry on with my ho***ies.

I told the children not to frighten the dog.  /  They asked me to go shopping with them

E. 定语

动词不定式可以用作修饰名词或代词的定语,用作定语的不定式须跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。下列名词之后多直接跟动词不定式作定语:ability, agreement, chance, decision, hope, need, offer, plan, request, wish等等。如:

His plan to get success in the game made his parents very happy.

I need a pen to write with.  /  There are a lot of good novels to read.

F. 状语

动词不定式可以用作修饰动词或形容词的状语,一般放在其所修饰的动词或形容词之后。如:He went to Italy to learn clothes designing.

To get to the office on time, he took a taxi there.

He went back home to find his dog missing.

He is creative enough to be a director.

He is too weak to pl*** football well.

什么叫动词不定式

【概述】

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。具有动词,名词,形容词,副词的特征。在句子中可以作主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语,状语等。不定式有时态和语态的变化。

【动词不定式的语法】

【作主语】:动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种,

1. 把不定式置于句首。如:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

2. 用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。

(1)It + be + 名词 +to do (2)It takes ***.+some time +to do

(3)It + be +形容词 + for *** . + to do

(4)It + be +形容词 + of *** . + to do

(5)It seems(appears)+ 形容词 + to do 如:It seems necessary to mark a plan for this course of study. 制定学习这门课程的计划是必要的。

【作宾语】:1. 跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,determine,expect,endeavor,hope,fail,happen,help,hesitate,learn,long,mean,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wait,want,wish,undertake等。如:He decides to go abroad. 他决定出国。

2. 用“ 疑问句 + to + 动词原形 ”结构作宾语的动词有:decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell 等。如:Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示如何去做。

3. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语 + 动词 + it + 补语 + to do 句式。如:We think it important for us to learn a foreign language well. 我们认为学好一门外语对我们很重要。

【作宾语补足语和主语补足语】1. 表示感觉的动词通常跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这些动词有:see,hear,look at,watch,notice,observe,feel 等。如:I heard she open the door. 我听见她打开了门。

2. 使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式。如:get ***. to do sth. leave ***. to do sth. 通常要加 to,只有have,let,make 等跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:You don't have to make P***l learn. He alw***s works hard. 你不用勉强保罗学习,他总是很努力的。

3. 在被动结构中,原来的宾语补足语成了主语补足语。所有的主语补足语要带不定式符号 to。如:He was often heard to read English. 人们经常听见他读英语。

【作表语】:不定式可放在 be 动词或其他连系动词后面,作表语。当主语部分出现实义动词 do 或 do 的其他形式如 to do,did 等时,作表语的不定式常不带 to 。如:The only thing to do is write to him. 唯一可做的事就是给他写信。

【作定语】:1. 表示将来的动作。如:I have many letters to type. 我有许多信要打。

2. 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词。如:Please give me some books to read. 请给我一些书读。

3. 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍用主动语态;如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态。如:In English study,we still have a long w*** to go. 在英语学习方面,我们还有很长的路要走。

【作目的状语】:在表示目的时,常由 to 引导,还可以用 in order to 和 so as to(不放在句首)引导。如:To succeed,you must first of all believe in yourself. 要想成功,你首先必须相信自己。

【作结果状语】:在表示结果时,还可以用 so···as to ···,such···as to ···,enough ···to ···,only to ···及 too ··· to···等结构。如:The child is old enough to dress himself. 这小孩这么大了,可以自己穿衣服了。

【作原因状语】:表示原因的动词不定式通常要带 to ,并跟在 happy,glad,sad,frightened等表示心理感受的形容词后。如:I'm sorry to hear that. 很抱歉听到这件事。

【不定式主动形式和被动形式】:不定式的主动形式有四种:一般式,完成式,进行式和完成进行式。被动形式有两种变化:一般式和完成式。如:The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说,这本书已被译成多种语言。

【不带 “ to ” 的不定式的几种情况】1. 在口语中,以 why 开头的疑问句中。如:Why not go out for a walk?为什么不去散散步呢?

2. 不定式在感官,使役动词后面作宾语时,通常省去 to。(不定式在help后作宾语可带也可不带 to) 如:She helped her mother (to)prepare for supper . 她帮助母亲做晚餐

3. do anything(或 nothing,everything)but (或 except)结构中。如:Last night I did nothing but watch TV. 昨晚,我除了看电视,别的什么也没干。

4. 在 had better,Would rather 等习惯用法中。如:Since she is angry,we had better leave her alone. 既然她生气了,我们***别惹她。

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